C. M. Turnbull has written in the book A History of Modern Singapore, 1819 - 2005 “All the PAP leaders were pragmatists, and they attracted men of similar ilk to their ranks: economists, bankers, architects, and town planners.  The party took pride in rejecting not merely communism but ideologies in general, ... in the belief that people wanted good government in the solid shape of jobs, housing, schools and healthcare.” Ms. Turnbull has also written of ex-Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew that he “put society before the individual and was impatient with those whom he took to be weaklings or fools.”